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East Tennessee two-site farm business plan — planning framework

Package navigation (reading order): East Tennessee two-site farm business plan (package)

Purpose of this framework

This wiki holds a decision-grade, phased business plan for a future operation with:

Fact Value
Homestead / ops base ~5 acres, East Tennessee — not primary production
Production holding ~120 acres, East Tennessee — enterprise mix undecided
Separation ~35 minutes one-way
Intent Side business with profit intent → possible salary replacement
Horizon 10 years
Labor Family (father / son / grandson primary)
Capital Low initial; moderate phased investment; selective financing of infrastructure
Operating philosophy Heavy telemetry / automation (treated as capital + OPEX + failure modes, not magic)
Optimization rank 1. Profit → 2. Low labor → 3. Sustainability / resilience

The framework (this page) defines what pages exist, in what order to build them, how candidate 120-acre enterprises will be compared without premature commitment, and what is known vs assumed vs unknown. Later edits fill the child pages with numbers, scenarios, and decisions.

Non-goals: Single-enterprise prescription before validation; lifestyle branding; optimism without maintenance and degraded-mode costs.

Authority & evidence (execution): Which pages are canonical vs supporting, and which ingested sources back TN / federal operational claims—Evidence grade and canonical authority, Execution readiness gap audit, Authoritative execution evidence cluster.


Package of wiki pages (tree)

All paths under wiki/analyses/, kebab-case.

Order File Role
0 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-framework.md Hub: rubric, knowns/unknowns, creation order, links — this page
1 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-vision-and-constraints.md North star, hard constraints, success definition, stop rules
2 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-two-site-operating-context.md ET-specific two-site business framing; links Dual-site operations model — non-agritourism
3 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-enterprise-options-analysis.md Candidate paths (cattle, grazing, row, specialty, agritourism, mixed); scenario matrix
4 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-recommended-enterprise-strategy.md Chosen strategy family + rationale + branching (grazing-led phased mixed)
5 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-labor-and-family-model.md Roles, weekly rhythm, coverage across distance
6 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-smart-tech-strategy.md Telemetry, what to automate early vs not, degraded modes
7 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-capital-and-financing.md Phased infrastructure roadmap, financing cautions
8 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-revenue-and-phased-income.md Revenue tranches, milestones, salary-replacement framing
9 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-risk-register.md Register + mitigation themes
10 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-10-year-roadmap.md Phases 0–4 (no-regret → salary architecture)
11 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-validation-backlog.md Research tasks, gates, next 90 days
12 east-tennessee-two-site-farm-business-plan-executive-summary.md Distilled summary + document map

Package coverage: executive summary, vision/objectives/constraints, two-site operating model, enterprise options, recommended strategy, smart-tech, labor/rhythm, capital/infrastructure, revenue/milestones, risk+mitigation, 10-year roadmap (Phases 0–4), validation backlog.

Operational artifacts (execution layer — fillable tables)

Artifact Page
Two-site ops — 5 ac home / 120 ac production two-site-operations-model-5ac-homebase-120ac-production.md
Family labor + coverage matrix family-labor-model-and-coverage-matrix-two-site-smart-farm.md
Instrumentation priority matrix instrumentation-priority-matrix-two-site-smart-farm.md
Capital phasing 0–10 years capital-phasing-table-years-0-10-two-site-smart-farm.md
Revenue milestone ladder revenue-milestone-model-supplemental-to-salary-replacement.md
Business risk register (matrix) business-risk-register-two-site-smart-farm.md
Manual fallback + degraded modes manual-fallback-degraded-modes-critical-operations.md
Validation before major spend validation-backlog-before-major-spend-two-site-smart-farm.md

Financial planning layer (worksheets — evidence fills blanks)

Layer Page
Enterprise unit economics — methodology enterprise-unit-economics-worksheet-methodology-two-site-smart-farm.md
CAPEX, OPEX, enterprise sequencing (two-site) capex-opex-enterprise-sequencing-two-site-constraint.md
Farm accounting baseline — COA + enterprise P&L farm-accounting-baseline-chart-of-accounts-enterprise-pl-two-site-smart-farm.md
Revenue milestone model (supplemental → replacement) revenue-milestone-model-supplemental-to-salary-replacement.md
Instrumentation ROI model instrumentation-roi-model-two-site-smart-farm.md

Business shell — Tennessee + federal compliance (entity / tax / property / insurance / labor / BOI)

Layer Page
Compliance package (router) Tennessee farm business compliance package
Entity pattern (no named LLC in wiki) Farm business legal entity model
Evidence cluster Tennessee farm business compliance — official layer cluster (2026-04-22)

Smart-farm architecture package (supports the business plan)

Page Role
Reference architecture — 5 ac + 120 ac Hub: control center vs production, package map
Telemetry system of record — boundaries and authority Records vs telemetry vs dashboards vs alerts
Farm spatial model and asset registry standard Minimum IDs + map authority
Instrumentation priority matrix First acres / risks / systems + scoring matrix
Automation principles — two-site smart farm Early / late / never
Manual fallback and degraded modes — critical operations Scenario model + ops matrix
Remote access and operational security model Trust zones, admin paths, patching burden
Field telemetry reference architecture — homestead + 120-acre farm MQTT/broker/backhaul logical stack

Order of creation (why)

  1. Vision + constraints — Without stop rules and capital ceiling, enterprise scoring is meaningless.
  2. Two-site operating context — Travel time and “where the brain lives” drive OPEX, batching, and automation placement before enterprise choice.
  3. Enterprise options — Full scenario matrix; compares mixes.
  4. Recommended strategy — Commits to strategy family (not a single commodity); branching logic.
  5. Labor / family — Weekly rhythm, feasibility filter.
  6. Smart-tech strategy — Automate what when; degraded modes.
  7. Capital + financing — Infrastructure sequence + debt cautions.
  8. Revenue + milestones — Tranches + measurable gates.
  9. Risk register — Mitigations tied to phases.
  10. 10-year roadmap — Phases 0–4.
  11. Validation backlog — Research tasks + G1 etc.
  12. Executive summary — Distilled map (update when children change).

Decision framework — comparing candidate enterprise paths (120 acres)

Use this before treating any single enterprise as the plan.

Step A — Generate candidates

Explicit strategies (not single commodities), e.g.:

  • Grazing-led (stocking + forage math)
  • Row-crop / commodity (equipment + scale + weather)
  • Specialty crop (labor spike + marketing)
  • Agritourism / events (lodging or day-use; regulatory surface)
  • Mixed rotation (complexity vs resilience)
  • Timber / long-rotation (cash timing vs liquidity)

Each candidate must state primary revenue, secondary revenue, and what stays off the 120 (homestead role clear).

Step B — Feasibility gates (kill / defer)

Gate Question
Land/water Soil, slope, water rights, fencing, infrastructure vs enterprise needs
Labor budget Fits family hours + seasonal peaks (informed by labor page)
Capital budget Fits phased CAPEX; financing only where justified
Distance / batching 35-min remote: compatible with checks, harvest, vet, equipment?
Regulatory TN county/zoning, food, agritourism, livestock movement
Exit Can strategy be unwound without stranded asset?

Step C — Score (rubric below)

Normalize scores 1–5 per dimension (higher = better for that row’s “good direction”; see rubric notes). Compute tier composites, then weighted objective (profit emphasis).

Step D — Sensitivity

On top 2–3 drivers (usually price, yield, labor hours, capital), run ±20% scenarios; mark fragile vs robust strategies.

Step E — Phasing and optionality

Split actions into:

  • Reversible / cheap — preserve multiple enterprise paths
  • Irreversible / expensive — require explicit gate and date

Document pivot triggers (metrics + dates) in roadmap and validation backlog.


Weighted evaluation rubric

Objective hierarchy (explicit weights)

Tier Objective Weight in final score
1 Profit (risk-adjusted operating margin / acre, path to salary replacement) 0.45
2 Low labor (owner hours + family peak load, net of automation relief) 0.35
3 Sustainability / resilience (financial + operational shock absorption) 0.20

Composite (0–5 scale recommended for each tier):

Score = 0.45 × Tier1 + 0.35 × Tier2 + 0.20 × Tier3

Each tier is built from the dimension groups below (average or weighted average inside tier — document choice per candidate).

Dimension table (candidate enterprise strategy × score)

Score each dimension 1–5. Direction: 5 = best for a commercially serious, automation-leaning family operation unless noted.

Dimension What it measures Notes for scoring
Expected profitability Long-run margin potential (after full-cost allocation) Include owner labor at replacement wage in costs
Labor intensity Human hours per $ revenue (or per acre) Invert for Tier 2: high labor hours → low score
Automation / telemetry fit Where sensing and control reduce trips, false negatives, and variance Penalize “automation theater” (high cost, low leverage)
Capital intensity Up-front $ and financed $ per unit revenue Invert if high capital blocks phased plan
Time to first material revenue Months/years to positive operating cash (enterprise-specific) Faster can score higher unless it trades away profit
Resilience — market/weather Margin stability under price and yield shocks Diversification, storage, contract channels
Fit — East Tennessee Climate, markets, infrastructure, extension/ecosystem Use East Tennessee — profitable crops matrix as input, not oracle
Fit — 35-minute remote site Batchability, need for “eyes on,” theft/vandalism, emergency response Penalize strategies needing constant presence without staff
Family operability Skill match, succession clarity, single-point-of-failure risk
Regulatory / liability complexity Licensing, food safety, agritourism, transport, insurance Invert: more complexity → lower score unless priced in

Mapping dimensions → tiers (default)

Tier Primary dimensions (average or weighted)
Tier 1 — Profit Expected profitability (50%), capital efficiency (inverse capital intensity) (25%), time-to-revenue reasonableness (25%) — adjust weights in child page if needed
Tier 2 — Low labor Inverted labor intensity (40%), automation fit (35%), family operability (25%)
Tier 3 — Resilience Market/weather resilience (50%), ET fit (25%), inverted regulatory burden (25%)

Remote-site fit (Fit — 35-minute remote site): apply as multiplier (0.85–1.00) on Tier 2 or fold into Tier 2 average — pick one method and hold constant across candidates.

Decision rule (skeleton)

  • Shortlist candidates with composite ≥ threshold T (set after first pass with real numbers).
  • Disqualify any candidate failing a hard gate (legal, water, uninsurable exposure).
  • Prefer candidates that stay viable under pessimistic Tier-1 sensitivity before optimistic scaling.

Known facts (baseline — edit only when reality changes)

# Known
K1 Two sites: ~5 ac homestead (home base, future smart house / workshop / telemetry brain) + ~120 ac production parcel.
K2 Homestead is not primary production land in the business model.
K3 ~35 minutes one-way between sites (planning assumption until measured on route/season).
K4 Profit intent; possible salary replacement over ~10 years — not a hobby-first constraint.
K5 Family labor is the default staffing model (three-generation).
K6 Capital posture: minimal early spend; phased; selective financing for some infrastructure.
K7 Automation/telemetry is a design principle with maintenance and failure explicitly in scope.
K8 120-acre enterprise mix is undecided — cattle, grazing, crops, agritourism, mixed remain options until validated.
K9 East Tennessee regional context (markets, climate, extension) — see existing matrix and TN topic sources.
K10 County/site desktop intelligence exists for named anchors (Claxton / Anderson; Demory / Campbell) in Local site and county intelligence and Local evidence package; parcel-scale operating truth still requires field verification and worksheets—see Field verification program — Phase 0–1.

Critical unknowns (must stay variable in the plan)

# Unknown Why it matters
U1 Soil capability, slope, water on the 120 ac Caps enterprises, capital, and rotation design
U2 Exact debt capacity, risk tolerance, off-farm income during ramp Sets feasible CAPEX and timeline
U3 Realistic family hours by season (including off-farm jobs) Labor feasibility filter
U4 Skills / licensing (CDL, food handling, pesticide, meat) Gates certain revenues
U5 Channel access (direct, auction, wholesale, agritourism demand) Price realization
U6 County zoning and agritourism rules Legal surface for events/lodging
U7 Infrastructure state (power, barns, fence, pond, road) on 120 ac Stranded cost vs greenfield
U8 Insurance and liability appetite Especially visitors, livestock, product
U9 Telemetry stack choices (vendor lock, spares, cyber) OPEX and failure modes
U10 Parcel-level hydrology, internal lanes, utility baselines, and haul/processor math Still evidence-gapped until register + field program close items in Claxton and Demory — missing data register

Assumptions (explicit — validate and replace with facts)

ID Assumption Validation
A1 35 minutes is representative for batch planning (not worst-case weather/traffic) Log drives for a season
A2 Homelab / edge “brain” can justify its cost via fewer trips + faster triage After-action review on incidents
A3 Salary replacement target is stated as household cash need on revenue page Fill number in …-revenue-and-phased-income
A4 No implicit full-time resident manager at remote site unless budgeted Labor model
A5 Desk maps and county statistics strengthen direction only; G1-class spend stays blocked until field measurements and parcel worksheets satisfy the validation backlog + Field verification program — Phase 0–1 Integration audit …integration-revision-audit-2026-04

What must be decided before major irreversible spend

Decision Before…
Primary vs secondary revenue architecture for the 120 Large fence, pond, barn, irrigation, perennials
Livestock vs crop vs hospitality regulatory path Insurance and licensing spend
Where CAPEX lives (homestead vs remote) for telemetry and power Duplicate vs single-site brain
Financing vs pay-as-you-go for equipment Interest + cash flow stress
Minimum viable monitoring vs nice-to-have sensors OPEX and alert fatigue

Topic hub (navigation)


Status

Child page Status
Vision and constraints Active — phased business plan package
Two-site operating context Active
Enterprise options analysis Active — scenario matrix
Recommended enterprise strategy Active — strategy family + gates
Labor and family model Active — weekly rhythm
Smart-tech strategy Active
Capital and financing Active
Revenue and phased income Active
Risk register Active
10-year roadmap Active — Phases 0–4
Validation backlog Active
Executive summary Active

Update this table when pages change materially.