Field network IoT comparisons (HaLow, LoRa, NB-IoT)¶

This topic collects comparative material on long-range IoT links: IEEE 802.11ah / Wi‑Fi HaLow, LoRa/LoRaWAN, and (where included) NB‑IoT, plus adjacent notes on DePIN and realistic LoRa throughput expectations for “internet over LoRa” style ideas.

Concepts

• Wi-Fi HaLow
• LoRa (radio)
• LoRaWAN
• Decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePIN)

Source notes

• source-notes/inbox-batch-2026-04-18-tennessee-farm-lorawan-chirpstack-meshtastic-decentlab-halow.md — LoRaWAN spec PDF; HaLowLink user-guide PDFs + extracts; Decentlab soil/weather LoRaWAN product pages (compare to HaLow / LoRa tradeoff topics).
• source-notes/deep-look-wi-fi-halow-lorawan-newracom.md
• source-notes/experimental-halow-lora-smart-grid-sensors.md
• source-notes/compare-wi-fi-halow-lora-morse-micro.md
• source-notes/wifi-halow-vs-lorawan-rad.md
• source-notes/wi-fi-halow-lora-nb-iot-wizzdev.md
• source-notes/ieee-802-11ah-wikipedia.md
• source-notes/lora-wikipedia.md
• source-notes/long-range-internet-lora-raspberry-pi-forums.md
• source-notes/remote-sensing-crop-mapping-rse-review.md — Satellite/crop mapping product landscape (peer-reviewed review capture).
• source-notes/depin-wikipedia.md

Comparisons (wiki)

• Wi‑Fi HaLow vs LoRaWAN vs Meshtastic vs conventional Wi‑Fi — farm field networking — Four-way operational matrix.
• Meshtastic vs Wi‑Fi HaLow vs conventional Wi‑Fi — off-grid farm operations — Off-grid-first framing (SITE_FARM).

Related

• Sub-GHz field networking — synthesis — One-page index of LoRa / LoRaWAN / Meshtastic / HaLow pages in this wiki
• Smart agriculture, Meshtastic, and LoRaWAN — deployed farm mesh and LoRaWAN sensor narratives next to LPWAN comparisons
• ESP32, ESPHome, and smart-farming builds — MCU + sensor UX stacks that often sit beside radio backhaul choices
• Sub-GHz Wi‑Fi (HaLow) — farm sensors deployment guide — How-to outline + checklist